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For flexible pavements, design the pavement for 36,500 passes of the aircraft according to the layered elastic analysis (LEA) design procedure; For rigid pavements, design the pavement to resist a standard flexural stress of 2.75 MPa at the bottom of the cement concrete layer according to the LEA design procedure; Calculate the single wheel ...
The service life of a flexible pavement is typically designed in the range of 20 to 30 years. [12] Required thicknesses of each layer of a flexible pavement vary widely depending on the materials used, magnitude, number of repetitions of traffic loads, environmental conditions, and the desired service life of the pavement.
FWD data is most often used to calculate stiffness-related parameters of a pavement structure. The process of calculating the elastic moduli of individual layers in a multi-layer system (e.g. asphalt concrete on top of a base course on top of the subgrade) based on surface deflections is known as "backcalculation", as there is no closed-form solution.
Pavement engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to design and maintain flexible and rigid pavements. This includes streets and highways and involves knowledge of soils, hydraulics, and material properties. Pavement engineering involves new construction as well as rehabilitation and maintenance of existing ...
The thickness of these layers can be translated to GBE. Granular base equivalency or granular base equivalence (GBE) is a measure of total pavement thickness. [1] [2] Since pavement is composed of multiple layers with different physical properties, its total thickness is measured by GBE. GBE translates the thickness of different road layers to ...
The Shell pavement design method was used in many countries for the design of new pavements made of asphalt. [1] First published in 1963, [2] it was the first mechanistic design method, providing a procedure that was no longer based on codification of historic experience but instead that permitted computation of strain levels at key positions in the pavement.
Dlubal Software: 6.04.0005: 2023-10-30: Proprietary commercial software: Free student license available [15] Windows: SimScale: German 100% web-based CAE platform: SimScale GmbH: 14: 2013-07: SaaS: Free community version available [16] Web browser: VisualFEA: Finite element software for structural, geotechnical, heat transfer and seepage ...
The wearing course, also known as a friction course or surface course, is the upper layer in roadway, airfield, and dockyard construction. The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab.