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Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications [1] and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and ...
Research and development, [3] [4] [5] working demonstrators (e.g. Biosphere 2) Agriculture, scientific research, space colonization: Greenhouse, Eden Project, Bioshelter, Seawater greenhouse: Cultured meat: Research and development, trials [6] [7] Humane, resource-efficient, healthier, and cheaper meat [7] New Harvest: Atmospheric water ...
While the technical development of the Internet was an extensive research topic from the beginning, an increased public awareness of several critical shortcomings in terms of performance, reliability, scalability, security and many other categories including societal, economical and business aspects, led to future Internet research efforts. The ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making.
Information technology (IT) is a set of related fields within information and communications technology (ICT), that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, data and information processing, and storage. [1] Information technology is an application of computer science and computer engineering.
Research and development is directed towards the advancement of technology in general, and therefore includes development of emerging technologies. See also List of countries by research and development spending. Applied research is a form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science. It accesses and uses some part of ...
According to by Shalini (2009), [38] “the results of the research project reveal that a high index may be only indicating that a country is e-ready in terms of ICT infrastructure and info-structure, institutions, policies, and political commitment, but it is a very poor measure of the e-readiness of citizens. [39]
The Government of Pakistan has prioritized Information technology as a key component of its efforts to establish an "Information age" within the country. [12] Significant progress has been made in developing efficient computerized e-government systems for major departments, including the police, law enforcement agencies, and district administration. [12]