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Long-term use of PPIs is associated with the development of benign polyps from fundic glands (which is distinct from fundic gland polyposis); these polyps do not cause cancer and resolve when PPIs are discontinued. [33] There is concern that use of PPIs may mask gastric cancers or other serious gastric problems. [33]
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase (H + /K + ATPase) and inhibit gastric acid secretion. These drugs have emerged as the treatment of choice for acid-related diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. PPIs also can bind to other types of proton pumps such as those ...
Gastric polyps are adenomas that are usually asymptomatic and benign, but may be the cause of dyspepsia, heartburn, bleeding from the stomach, and, rarely, gastric outlet obstruction. [ 61 ] [ 71 ] Larger polyps may have become cancerous . [ 61 ]
Fundic gland polyposis is a medical syndrome where the fundus and the body of the stomach develop many fundic gland polyps.The condition has been described both in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and attenuated variants (AFAP), and in patients in whom it occurs sporadically.
The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H + /K + ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach.It exchanges potassium from the intestinal lumen with cytoplasmic hydronium [2] and is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents and the activation of the digestive enzyme pepsin [3] (see gastric acid).
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
The H 2 receptor antagonists are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H 2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, although they have been surpassed in popularity by the more effective [1] proton pump inhibitors.
Often blood transfusions are not recommended unless the hemoglobin is less than 70 or 80 g/L. [7] [12] Treatment with proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and antibiotics may be considered in certain cases. [5] [6] [13] If other measures are not effective, an esophageal balloon may be attempted in those with presumed esophageal varices. [2]