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Goal setting theory has been developed through both in the field and laboratory settings. Cecil Alec Mace carried out the first empirical studies in 1935. [8]Edwin A. Locke began to examine goal setting in the mid-1960s and continued researching goal setting for more than 30 years.
The Goal Setting Theory was developed by Locke in 1968 through the publication of his article “Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives”. [6] This theory was confirmed through the experiments of Dr. Gary Latham, who performed experiments in the workplace setting. The two collaborated to develop the 5 principles of goal setting in ...
This theory is composed of two main components as follows: the individuality and difficulty of the goal, and the effort one needs to fulfill the objectives. Goal-setting theory refers to a direct relationship between written goals and performance. [1]
Goal-setting theory was formulated based on empirical research and has been called one of the most important theories in organizational psychology. [2] Edwin A. Locke and Gary P. Latham, the fathers of goal-setting theory, provided a comprehensive review of the core findings of the theory in 2002. [3]
Historically, goal-setting theory has primarily been concerned with performance goals. Locke and Latham summarize 25 years of goal setting research by stating that as long as an individual is committed to a goal and has the ability to achieve it, specific, hard goals lead to a higher level of task performance than vague or easy goals. [67]
Dr. Gary Latham collaborated with Edwin Locke to expand upon his goal setting theory of motivation with five key principles designed to motivate the accomplishment and completion of a particular objective. These five key principles align closely around the SMART goal setting strategy designed to define objectivity and achievability. The five ...
A goal is specific if it involves a clear objective, such as a quantifiable target one intends to reach rather than just trying to do one's best. A goal is challenging if it is achievable but hard to reach. Two additional factors identified by goal-setting theorists are goal commitment and self-efficacy. Commitment is a person's dedication to ...
Despite its flaws, Goal-setting Theory is arguably the most dominant theory in the field of I–O psychology; over one thousand articles and reviews published in just over thirty years. [ 5 ] [ 16 ] Locke suggested several reasons why goals are motivating: they direct attention, lead to task persistence and the development of task strategies ...