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A medical calculator is a type of medical computer software, whose purpose is to allow easy calculation of various scores and indices, presenting the user with a friendly interface that hides the complexity of the formulas. Most offer further information such as result interpretation guides and medical literature references. [1]
For example, a person aged 60 (1 point) with normal blood pressure (0 point) and without diabetes (0 point) who experienced a TIA lasting 10 minutes (1 point) with a speech disturbance but no weakness on one side of the body (1 point) would score a total of 3 points.
In the UK, the Royal College of Physicians developed the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in 2012 to replace local or regional scores. [16] [17] [18] The NEWS score is the largest national EWS effort to date and has been adopted by some international healthcare services. [1] A second version of the score was introduced in 2017.
Defibrillation is a treatment for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, specifically ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) and non-perfusing ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach). [1] [2] A defibrillator delivers a dose of electric current (often called a counter-shock) to the heart.
A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is a non-invasive, external device for patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). [1] It allows physicians time to assess their patient's arrhythmic risk and see if their ejection fraction improves before determining the next steps in patient care.
Defibrillation threshold indicates the minimum amount of energy needed to return normal rhythm to a heart that is beating in a cardiac dysrhythmia.Typical examples are the minimum amount of energy, expressed in joules, delivered by external defibrillator paddles or pads, required to break atrial fibrillation and restore normal sinus rhythm.
Thus, the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score is a refinement of CHADS 2 [8] [10] score and extends the latter by including additional common stroke risk factors, that is, age 65–74, female gender and vascular disease. [11] In the CHA 2 DS 2-VASc score, 'age 75 and above' also has extra weight, with 2 points.
Duke Treadmill Score is a tool for predicting the risk of ischemia or infarction in the heart muscle. [1] The score is a function of data from an exercise test : [ citation needed ] [ 1 ] [exercise duration in minutes, by Bruce protocol ] – [ 5 × (maximal ST elevation or depression , in millimeters)] – [4 × (treadmill angina index)]