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During the early period, ijtihad referred to the exertion of mental energy to arrive at a legal opinion (ra'y) on the basis of the knowledge of the Divine Revelation. [14] Jurists used Ijtihad to help reach legal rulings, in cases where the Qur'an and Sunna did not provide clear direction for certain decisions. It was the duty of the educated ...
She also granted numerous ijazahs of ijtihad to female and male scholars, among them Sayyid Mar'ashi Najafi. [3] She wrote several books about Islamic sciences, among them a tafsir in 15 volumes, and established a maktab in Isfahan in 1965, called Maktab-e Fatimah.
A traditionally-trained female scholar is referred to as ʿālimah or Shaykha. [1] The inclusion of women in university settings has increased the presence of women scholars. [ 2 ] Akram Nadwi authored the largest compilation on female Islamic scholars, titled Al-Wafa bi Asma al-Nisa , spanning over two decades and containing a repository of ...
Women acting as leaders, teachers, and authorities in other capacities however is not deviating from the Islamic orthodoxy as women have never been restricted from becoming scholars, ulema, jurists, muftis, preachers, missionaries, or spiritual guides. There is a long history of female masters of Islamic sciences teaching men.
In 2021, his 43-volume biographical dictionary of the muhaddithat, the female scholars and narrators of hadith was published by Dar al-Minhaj (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Nadwi is the subject of the 2015 book If The Oceans Were Ink by journalist Carla Power. Power spent a year studying Islam and the Qur'an with Nadwi. [11]
A women's magazine and a women's organization to protect girls and women from abuse and domestic violence were also founded by Queen Soraya, argued by some to be the Muslim world's first feminist. She also arranged for young Afghan men and women to take higher education abroad.
Coordination of Islamic Colleges (CIC), based in Kerala, India, is an Islamic university serving as an academic administrative body. [1] [2] Colleges affiliated with the CIC offer "Wafy" courses for men and "Wafiyya" for women, which combine both Islamic and secular higher education (post-secondary school, leading to a state-recognised university degree).
Since women now represent a significant proportion of students studying Islamic law and qualifying as muftiyas, their prominence in its interpretation is likely to rise. [7] [26] A fatwa hotline in the United Arab Emirates provides access to either male or female muftis, allowing women to request fatwas from female Islamic legal scholars. [26]