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"The Library of Babel" (Spanish: La biblioteca de Babel) is a short story by Argentine author and librarian Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986), conceiving of a universe in the form of a vast library containing all possible 410-page books of a certain format and character set.
Labyrinths (1962, 1964, 1970, 1983) is a collection of short stories and essays by Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges.It was translated into English, published soon after Borges won the International Publishers' Prize with Samuel Beckett.
"The Library of Babel" was originally written by Borges in 1941, [3] based on an earlier essay he had published in 1939 while working as a librarian. [4] It concerns a fictional library containing every possible book of a certain fixed length, over a 25-symbol alphabet (which, including spacing and punctuation, is sufficient for the Spanish language). [5]
Borges in "The Library of Babel" states that "The Library is a sphere whose exact center is any hexagon and whose circumference is unattainable". The library can then be visualized as being a 3-manifold, and if the only restriction is that of being locally euclidean, it can equally well be visualized as a topologically non-trivial manifold such as a torus or a Klein bottle.
In "The Library of Babel", Borges contemplates the opposite effect: impoverishment of a text through the means of its reproduction. In a pattern analogous to the infinite monkey theorem, all texts are reproduced in a vast library only because complete randomness eventually reproduces all possible combinations of letters.
"The Lottery in Babylon" (original Spanish: "La lotería en Babilonia", "The Babylon Lottery") is a fantasy short story by Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges. It first appeared in 1941 in the literary magazine Sur , and was then included in the 1941 collection The Garden of Forking Paths ( El jardín de los senderos que se bifurcan ), which in ...
Borges often puts his protagonists in red enclosures. This has led to analysis of his stories from a Freudian viewpoint, [2] although Borges himself strongly disliked his work being interpreted in such a way. [3] In fact, he called psychoanalysis (Obra poética, Prólogo) "la triste mitología de nuestro tiempo", or "the sad mythology of our time".
Borges's vision of "forking paths" has been cited as inspiration by numerous new media scholars, in particular within the field of hypertext fiction. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Other stories by Borges that explore the idea of infinite texts include " The Library of Babel " and " The Book of Sand ".