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The mental model theory of reasoning was developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991). It has been applied to the main domains of deductive inference including relational inferences such as spatial and temporal deductions; propositional inferences, such as conditional, disjunctive and negation deductions; quantified inferences such as syllogisms; and ...
The ladder of inference, a metaphorical model of cognition and action created by Chris Argyris.Argyris's original ladder had fewer rungs with different names. Argyris' early research explored the impact of formal organizational structures, control systems and management on individuals and how they responded and adapted to them.
English: The ladder of inference is metaphorical model, created by Chris Argyris (1923–2013), of how people take action based on an often unconscious process of inference from the flux or pool of observable "data". Argyris's original ladder had fewer rungs with different names.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. [1] [2] Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird, FRS, FBA (born 12 October 1936) [1] is a philosopher of language and reasoning and a developer of the mental model theory of reasoning. [2] He was a professor at Princeton University's Department of Psychology, as well as the author of several notable books on human cognition and the psychology of reasoning.
The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization is a book by Peter Senge (a senior lecturer at MIT) focusing on group problem solving using the systems thinking method in order to convert companies into learning organizations that learn to create results that matter as an organization.
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Ladder of inference – Metaphorical model of cognition and action by Chris Argyris; Learning cycle – How people learn from experience; Mastery learning – Instructional strategy and educational philosophy; Metacognition – Self-awareness about thinking, higher-order thinking skills