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Panel (data) analysis is a statistical method, widely used in social science, epidemiology, and econometrics to analyze two-dimensional (typically cross sectional and longitudinal) panel data. [1] The data are usually collected over time and over the same individuals and then a regression is run over these two dimensions.
Time series and cross-sectional data can be thought of as special cases of panel data that are in one dimension only (one panel member or individual for the former, one time point for the latter). A literature search often involves time series, cross-sectional, or panel data. Cross-panel data (CPD) is an innovative yet underappreciated source ...
Panel data deals with the observations on the same subjects in different times. Panel analysis uses panel data to examine changes in variables over time and its differences in variables between selected subjects. Variants include pooled cross-sectional data, which deals with the
Unlike meta-analyses, pooled analyses can only be conducted if the included studies used the same study design and statistical models, and if their respective populations were homogeneous. If individual-level data from the included studies is available, the result of a pooled analysis can be considered more reliable.
Partial (pooled) likelihood estimation for panel data is a quasi-maximum likelihood method for panel analysis that assumes that density of given is correctly specified for each time period but it allows for misspecification in the conditional density of = (, …,) given = (, …,).
The estimator requires data on a dependent variable, , and independent variables, , for a set of individual units =, …, and time periods =, …,. The estimator is obtained by running a pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation for a regression of Δ y i t {\displaystyle \Delta y_{it}} on Δ x i t {\displaystyle \Delta x_{it}} .
In econometrics, a multidimensional panel data is data of a phenomenon observed over three or more dimensions. This comes in contrast with panel data, observed over two dimensions (typically, time and cross-sections). An example is a data set containing forecasts of one or multiple macroeconomic variables produced by multiple individuals (the ...
In panel data where longitudinal observations exist for the same subject, fixed effects represent the subject-specific means. In panel data analysis the term fixed effects estimator (also known as the within estimator ) is used to refer to an estimator for the coefficients in the regression model including those fixed effects (one time ...