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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension . [ 3 ]
Referred to as a form of retinal myopathies, cotton wools spots are commonly found to be a secondary manifestation to diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and AIDS. [1] Cotton wool spots have become one of the hallmarks of pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, a condition caused by damaged blood vessels in the retina due to high blood sugar ...
The most common cause found in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Abnormal blood vessels can form in the back of the eye of a person with diabetes. These new blood vessels are weaker and prone to breaking and causing hemorrhage. [2] Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 31.5–54% of all cases of vitreous hemorrhage in adults in the United States. [1]
This condition is often associated with diabetes in advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Other conditions causing rubeosis iridis include central retinal vein occlusion, [2] ocular ischemic syndrome, [3] and chronic retinal detachment.
[6] [10] This is occurs in the absence of retinal tears or breaks and is most commonly associated with abnormal blood vessel growth due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. [6] [9] [10] Other causes include trauma, retinal vein occlusion, sickle cell retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity. [8] [9] [10] [11]
The name proliferative vitreo retinopathy was provided in 1989 by the Silicone Oil Study group. The name is derived from proliferation (by the retinal pigment epithelial and glial cells ) and vitreo retinopathy to include the tissues which are affected, namely the vitreous humor (or simply vitreous) and the retina .
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is similarly caused by leaking macular capillaries. DME is the most common cause of visual loss in both proliferative, and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy . [ 9 ]
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