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In its ancient usage, hypothesis referred to a summary of the plot of a classical drama.The English word hypothesis comes from the ancient Greek word ὑπόθεσις (hypothesis), whose literal or etymological sense is "putting or placing under" and hence in extended use has many other meanings including "supposition".
In science and philosophy, an ad hoc hypothesis is a hypothesis added to a theory in order to save it from being falsified.. For example, a person that wants to believe in leprechauns can avoid ever being proven wrong by using ad hoc hypotheses (e.g., by adding "they are invisible", then "their motives are complex", and so on).
An empirically-motivated approach to the manifold hypothesis focuses on its correspondence with an effective theory for manifold learning under the assumption that robust machine learning requires encoding the dataset of interest using methods for data compression.
The above image shows a table with some of the most common test statistics and their corresponding tests or models.. A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently supports a particular hypothesis.
The Duhem–Quine thesis argues that no scientific hypothesis is by itself capable of making predictions. [3] Instead, deriving predictions from the hypothesis typically requires background assumptions that several other hypotheses are correct — that an experiment works as predicted, or that previous scientific theory is accurate.
Comprehensible input hypothesis. The input hypothesis, also known as the monitor model, is a group of five hypotheses of second-language acquisition developed by the linguist Stephen Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s.
A simple-vs.-simple hypothesis test has completely specified models under both the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis, which for convenience are written in terms of fixed values of a notional parameter :
The Chamberlin–Moulton planetesimal hypothesis was proposed in 1905 by geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin and astronomer Forest Ray Moulton to describe the formation of the Solar System.