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Intensive Brightening Treatment. Another one of Dr. Luke’s favorite retinol serums, this formula from PCA Skin is formulated with 0.5% retinol in addition to a patented Omnisome technology that ...
Toxic effects of retinoids occur with both acute or prolonged intake, depending on which retinoid is considered. The specific toxicity is related to the mechanism of action as well as exposure. A medical sign of chronic or acute poisoning with retinol is hypervitaminosis A , which includes the presence of painful tender swellings on the long bones.
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. [8] [9] [10] For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. [10]
Etretinate has been replaced by acitretin, the free acid (without the ethyl ester). While acitretin is less lipophilic and has a half-life of only 50 hours, it is partly metabolized to etretinate in the body, [ 2 ] so that it is still a long-acting teratogen and pregnancy is prohibited for two years after therapy.
Acitretin is a metabolite of etretinate, which was used prior to the introduction of acitretin. Etretinate was discontinued because it had a narrow therapeutic index as well as a long elimination half-life (t 1/2 = 120 days), making dosing difficult. In contrast, acitretin's half-life is approximately 2 days.
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid and sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics. [6]