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The linkage between the two ubiquitin chains is shown in orange. Diagram of lysine 63-linked diubiquitin. The linkage between the two ubiquitin chains is shown in orange. Polyubiquitylation is the formation of a ubiquitin chain on a single lysine residue on the substrate protein.
Ubiquitin is capable of forming polymeric chains, with additional ubiquitin molecules covalently attached to the first, which in turn is attached to its protein substrate. These chains may be linear or branched, and different regulatory signals may be sent by differences in the length and branching of the ubiquitin chain. [31]
Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is a multi-protein complex and the only known E3 ubiquitin ligase able to conjugate ubiquitin in a head-to-tail manner to generate linear (M1-linked) polyubiquitin chains.
A similar set of genes is found in other eukaryotes such as yeast. The UBA52 and RPS27A genes produce ubiquitin that is fused to ribosomal proteins and the UBB and UBC genes produce polyubiquitin (a chain of ubiquitin joined by their C-and N-termini). [14] [15] DUBs cleave the ubiquitin from these proteins, producing active single units of ...
A ubiquitin ligase (also called an E3 ubiquitin ligase) is a protein that recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin, recognizes a protein substrate, and assists or directly catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the protein substrate. In simple and more general terms, the ligase enables movement ...
Ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains are protein domains that non-covalently interact with ubiquitin through protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitin is a small protein that is covalently linked to other proteins as part of intracellular signaling pathways, often as a signal for protein degradation .
7316 22190 Ensembl ENSG00000150991 ENSMUSG00000008348 UniProt P0CG48 P0CG50 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021009 NM_019639 RefSeq (protein) NP_066289 NP_062613 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 124.91 – 124.92 Mb Chr 5: 125.46 – 125.47 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Polyubiquitin-C is a protein encoded by the UBC gene in humans. Polyubiquitin-C is one of the sources of ubiquitin, along ...
Ubiquitin is a protein composed of 76 amino acids. In order for ubiquitin to bind to other proteins, it must go through an activation process by E1, an ATP-dependent ubiquitin activating enzyme. The carboxyl terminal (C-terminus) of ubiquitin is linked to the cysteine residue of the E1 protein by a high energy thioester linkage and activated.