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This allowed Rosetta to observe the bow shock as it formed when the outgassing increased during the comet's journey toward the Sun. In this early state of development the shock was called the "infant bow shock". [11] The infant bow shock is asymmetric and, relative to the distance to the nucleus, wider than fully developed bow shocks.
A bow shock, also called a detached shock or bowed normal shock, is a curved propagating disturbance wave characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous, change in pressure, temperature, and density. It occurs when a supersonic flow encounters a body, around which the necessary deviation angle of the flow is higher than the maximum achievable ...
The original Simulated Shock Generator and Event Recorder, or shock box, is located in the Archives of the History of American Psychology. Later, Milgram and other psychologists performed variations of the experiment throughout the world, with similar results. [13]
Enantiodromia (Ancient Greek: ἐναντίος, romanized: enantios – "opposite" and δρόμος, dromos – "running course") is a principle introduced in the West by psychiatrist Carl Jung.
In experimental psychology the term conditioned emotional response refers to a phenomenon that is seen in classical conditioning after a conditioned stimulus (CS) has been paired with an emotion-producing unconditioned stimulus (US) such as electric shock. [1]
Shock (mechanics), a sudden acceleration or deceleration Shock absorber; Shock mount; Shock wave. Oblique shock; Shock (fluid dynamics), an abrupt discontinuity in the flow field; Bow shock, in planetary science and astronomy; Electric shock; Shock chlorination of water to reduce bacteria and algae; Shocks and discontinuities ...
The bow shock forms the outermost layer of the magnetosphere; the boundary between the magnetosphere and the surrounding medium. For stars, this is usually the boundary between the stellar wind and interstellar medium ; for planets, the speed of the solar wind there decreases as it approaches the magnetopause. [ 6 ]
In this case the gas ahead of the shock is supersonic (in the laboratory frame), and the gas behind the shock system is either supersonic (oblique shocks) or subsonic (a normal shock) (Although for some oblique shocks very close to the deflection angle limit, the downstream Mach number is subsonic.) The shock is the result of the deceleration ...