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The vocal folds are commonly referred to as vocal cords, and less commonly as vocal flaps or vocal bands. The term vocal cords was coined by the French anatomist Antoine Ferrein in 1741. In his violin analogy of the human voice , he postulated that the moving air acted like a bow on cordes vocales . [ 43 ]
The free edge of the vibratory portion of the vocal fold, the anterior glottis, is covered with stratified squamous epithelium. This epithelium is five to twenty-five cells thick with the most superficial layer consisting of one to three cells that are lost to abrasion of the vocal folds during the closed phase of vibration.
The vestibular fold (ventricular fold, superior or false vocal cord) is one of two thick folds of mucous membrane, each enclosing a narrow band of fibrous tissue, the vestibular ligament, which is attached in front to the angle of the thyroid cartilage immediately below the attachment of the epiglottis, and behind to the antero-lateral surface of the arytenoid cartilage, a short distance above ...
The free inferior border forms the vestibular ligament [2] (which together with the overlying mucosa constitutes the vestibular fold). The lower fibres of the quadrangular ligament condense to form the false vocal cords or the vestibular fold, while the upper fibres of the cricovocal ligaments condense to form the true vocal cord.
Reinke's edema is characterized by a "sac-like" appearance of the vocal folds. [6] The edema is a white translucent fluid that causes a bulging ( distension ) of the vocal cord. [ 2 ] [ 14 ] The most common clinical symptom associated with Reinke's edema is an abnormally low pitched voice with hoarseness.
It contains the vestibular folds, and between these and the vocal folds are the laryngeal ventricles. [1] The vestibule is an opening in the lateral wall of the larynx, between the vestibular fold above and the vocal folds below. It is the inlet to another cavity in the lateral wall of larynx, the laryngeal ventricle.
In the human larynx, the cuneiform cartilages (from Latin: cuneus 'wedge' + forma 'form'; also known as cartilages of Wrisberg) are two small, elongated pieces of yellow elastic cartilage, placed one on either side, in the aryepiglottic fold. [1] The cuneiforms are paired cartilages that sit on top of and move with the arytenoids. [2]
Each vallecula is bordered medially by the median glossoepiglottic fold and laterally by the lateral glossoepiglottic fold. The valleculae can collect saliva to prevent initiation of the swallowing reflex. The vallecula is an important reference landmark used during intubation of the trachea.