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The African independence movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed. Notable independence movements took place: Algeria (former French Algeria), see Algerian War; Angola (former Portuguese Angola), see Portuguese Colonial War
O. H. Morris of the British Ministry of Colonies predicted in early January that "1960 will be a year of Africa". [1] The phrase "year of Africa" was also used by Ralph Bunche on 16 February 1960. Bunche anticipated that many states would achieve independence in that year due to the "well nigh explosive rapidity with which the peoples of Africa ...
Scramble for Africa: Africa in the years 1880 and 1913, just before the First World War. The Scramble for Africa between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves.
While the British sought to follow a process of gradual transfer of power and thus independence, the French policy of assimilation faced some resentment, especially in North Africa. [22] The granting of independence in March 1956 to Morocco and Tunisia allowed a concentration on Algeria where there was a long and bloody armed struggle to ...
Many countries followed in the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in 1960 with the Year of Africa, which saw 17 African nations declare independence, including a large part of French West Africa. Most of the remaining countries gained independence throughout the 1960s, although some colonizers (Portugal in particular) were reluctant to relinquish ...
African nationalism first emerged as a mass movement in the years after World War II as a result of wartime changes in the nature of colonial rule as well as social change in Africa itself. [8] Nationalist political parties were established in almost all African colonies during the 1950s, and their rise was an important reason for the ...
Many countries followed in the 1950s and 1960s, with a peak in 1960 with the Year of Africa, which saw 17 African nations declare independence, including a large part of French West Africa. Most of the remaining countries gained independence throughout the 1960s, although some colonizers (Portugal in particular) were reluctant to relinquish ...
Women's roles in African independence movements were diverse and varied by each country. Many women believed that their liberation was directly linked to the liberation of their countries. [1] Women participated in various anti-colonial roles, ranging from grassroots organising to providing crucial support during the struggle for independence.