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Pleural plaques (see section below) Less common: Extensive confluent thickening, sometimes with pleural effusion; After pleurodesis: Diffuse; Non-progressive; After hemothorax: Usually basolateral distribution; May have calcification; Non-progressive; After drugs, such as methysergide or bromocriptine: Diffuse; Possible interstitial pulmonary ...
Repeated plaque ruptures, ones not resulting in total lumen closure, combined with the clot patch over the rupture and healing response to stabilize the clot is the process that produces most stenoses over time. The stenotic areas often become more stable despite increased flow velocities at these narrowings.
An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall. [1] [2]The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, [3] [4] or debris, containing lipids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue.
Plaque build-up often doesn’t cause symptoms, but it can block blood flow to vital organs like your heart. Coronary artery disease occurs when atherosclerosis affects the arteries supplying ...
Pleural abnormalities are reported with respect to type (pleural plaques or diffuse pleural thickening), location (chest wall, diaphragm, or other), presence of calcification, width (only of in profile pleural thickening seen along the chest wall edge), and extent (combined distance for involved chest wall).
The factors involved to promote either a vulnerable plaque or a stable plaque are not clear yet, however, the major differences between a vulnerable and stable plaque are that vulnerable plaques have a ''rich-lipid core'' and a ''thin fibrous cap'' in comparison with the ''thick fibrous cap'' and the ''poor lipid plaque'' present in the stable ...
The fibrous cap is a layer of fibrous connective tissue, which is thicker and less cellular than the normal intima, found in atherosclerotic plaques. The fibrous cap contains macrophages and smooth muscle cells. [1] The fibrous cap of an atheroma is composed of bundles of muscle cells, macrophages, foam cells, lymphocytes, collagen and elastin. [1]
The internal carotid artery supplies the brain. Plaque often builds up at that division and causes a narrowing (stenosis). Pieces of plaque can break off and block the small arteries above in the brain, which causes a stroke. Plaque can also build up at the origin of the carotid artery at the aorta. [citation needed]