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Suspicious findings in a nodule are hypoechoic, ill-defined margins, absence of peripheral halo or irregular margin, fine, punctate microcalcifications, presence of solid nodule, high levels of irregular blood flow within the nodule [11] or "taller-than-wide sign" (anterior-posterior diameter is greater than transverse diameter of a nodule).
A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules.
A neck mass or neck lump is an ambiguous mass found in the neck area. There are many different possible causes, [ 1 ] including head and neck cancer [ 2 ] and congenital conditions like branchial anomalies and thyroglossal duct cysts .
When air is replaced by another substance (e.g. fluid or fibrosis), the density of the area increases, causing the tissue to appear lighter or more grey. [ 4 ] Ground-glass opacity is most often used to describe findings in high-resolution CT imaging of the thorax , although it is also used when describing chest radiographs.
Sagittal reformat from a CT scan of the chest showing air crescent sign in a patient with invasive fungal infection. There is a rounded cavity in the apical right upper lobe, with a non-dependant soft-tissue nodule within it. Also there is some subtle ground-glass opacity surrounding the lesion.
The classification of the cervical lymph nodes is generally attributed to Henri Rouvière in his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" [6] [7] Rouviere described the cervical lymph nodes as a collar which surrounded the upper aerodigestive tract, consisting of submental, facial, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital and retropharyngeal nodes, together with two chains ...
Embryologically, it arises from an anomalous lateral course of the azygos vein, [3] in a pleural septum within the apical segment of the right upper lobe or in other words an azygos lobe is formed when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung and penetrates it ...
Localized lymphadenopathy: due to localized spot of infection; e.g., an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell up; Inflammatory localized lymphadenopathy at right mandibular angle. Generalized lymphadenopathy: due to a systemic infection of the body; e.g., influenza or secondary syphilis