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A false analogy is an informal fallacy, or a faulty instance, of the argument from analogy. An argument from analogy is weakened if it is inadequate in any of the above respects . The term "false analogy" comes from the philosopher John Stuart Mill , who was one of the first individuals to examine analogical reasoning in detail. [ 2 ]
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Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [ 1 ] In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction , induction , and abduction .
The two things compared in a figurative analogy are not obviously comparable in most respects. [2] Metaphors and similes are two types of figurative analogies. In the course of analogical reasoning, figurative analogies become weak if the disanalogies of the entities being compared are relevant—in the same way that literal analogies become ...
The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) was a standardized test used both for graduate school admissions in the United States and entrance to high I.Q. societies. Created and published by Harcourt Assessment (now a division of Pearson Education ), the MAT consisted of 120 questions in 60 minutes (an earlier iteration was 100 questions in 50 minutes).
The microcosm–macrocosm analogy (or, equivalently, macrocosm–microcosm analogy) refers to a historical view which posited a structural similarity between the human being (the microcosm, i.e., the small order or the small universe) and the cosmos as a whole (the macrocosm, i.e., the great order or the great universe).