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Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common side-effect of many cancer treatments. Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side effects for cancer patients and their families.
Anticipatory nausea and vomiting is experienced by approximately 20–30% of people undergoing chemotherapy. [20] Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting resulting from treatment with highly emetogenic cytotoxic drugs can be prevented or effectively treated in 70 to 80% of affected people. [4] [16]
The vomiting center of the brain refers to the groups of loosely organized neurons in the medulla that include the CTZ within the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarii. [2] One of the ways the chemoreceptor trigger zone implements its effects on the vomiting center is by activation of the opioid mu receptors and delta receptors. [6]
Nausea and vomiting can occur with ABVD, although treatments for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting have improved substantially (see Supportive care below). Low blood counts , or myelosuppression , occur about 50% of the time with ABVD.
The discovery of neurokinin 1 (NK 1) receptor antagonists was a turning point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. [4] An example of a drug in this class is aprepitant. Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases.
Aprepitant, sold under the brand name Emend among others, is a medication used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [5] It may be used together with ondansetron and dexamethasone. [5] It is taken by mouth [5] or administered by intravenous injection. [3]
Jaguar Health Inc (NASDAQ: JAGX) announced the topline results of the investigator-initiated Phase 2 HALT-D trial evaluating crofelemer to prevent chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID). The trial ...
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common with many treatments and some forms of cancer. Since the 1990s, several novel classes of antiemetics have been developed and commercialized, becoming a nearly universal standard in chemotherapy regimens, and helping to successfully manage these symptoms in many people.