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Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Sleep onset is the transition from wakefulness into sleep. Sleep onset usually transits into non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep) but under certain circumstances (e.g. narcolepsy) it is possible to transit from wakefulness directly into rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep).
Another tool is the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), which has been used since the 1970s. It is used to measure the time it takes from the start of a daytime nap period to the first signs of sleep, called sleep latency. Subjects undergo a series of five 20-minute sleeping opportunities with an absence of alerting factors at 2-hour intervals ...
Additionally, any nap opportunity during which REM sleep onset was noted within 15 minutes is marked as a "sleep-onset REM period (SOREMP)." In the appropriate context, more than 1 SOREMP between the preceding PSG and the MSLT may support a diagnosis of narcolepsy. Results must be interpreted cautiously as comorbid sleep disorders, medications ...
Narcolepsy: A chronic neurological disorder (or dyssomnia), which is caused by the brain's inability to control sleep and wakefulness. [94] Idiopathic hypersomnia: A chronic neurological disease similar to narcolepsy, in which there is an increased amount of fatigue and sleep during the day. Patients who have idiopathic hypersomnia cannot ...
Instead, he suggests testing sleep onset latency during the day, ideally at 10:00 a.m., 12:30 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. A sleep onset latency of 0 to 5 minutes indicates severe sleep deprivation, 5 to 10 minutes is "troublesome", 10 to 15 minutes indicates a mild but "manageable" degree of sleep debt, and 15 to 20 minutes is indicative of "little or ...
[10]: §13.3.2.3 428–432 This is different from conventional sleepwalking, which takes place during slow-wave sleep, not REM. [35]: 102 Narcolepsy, by contrast, seems to involve excessive and unwanted REM atonia: cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness while awake, hypnagogic hallucinations before entering slow-wave sleep, or sleep ...
Oral administration of GHB has been shown to enhance SWS without suppressing REM sleep. [54] [55] [56] In the United States, GHB is a prescription drug under the brand name Xyrem. It has been shown to reduce cataplexy attacks and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy.
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