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Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP), is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring. It should be contrasted with pre-exposure prophylaxis , which is used before the patient has been exposed to the infective agent.
It was initially attempted in 2004 on Jeanna Giese, a teenage girl from Wisconsin, who subsequently became the first human known to have survived rabies without receiving post-exposure prophylaxis before symptom onset. [100] [101] Giese did require extensive rehabilitation afterward, and her balance and neural function remained impaired. [102]
The treatments used for the prevention of rabies, (post-exposure prophylaxis, and pre-exposure prophylaxis) can be high in price, and this may be another contributing factor to the high percentage of rabies infections from in Africa, and similar countries that do not have the vaccines and treatments readily available. [46]
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Both are independent rabies reservoir species but make up a large number of bites. This absence of typical symptoms can often cause major delays in treatment and diagnosis in both animals and humans, as the required post-exposure prophylaxis and dFAT tests may not be run.
Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabies virus. [10] It is used to prevent rabies following exposure. [10] It is given after the wound is cleaned with soap and water or povidone-iodine and is followed by a course of rabies vaccine. [10] It is given by injection into the site of the wound and into a ...
The purified Vero cell rabies vaccine uses the attenuated Wistar strain of the rabies virus, and uses the Vero cell line as its host. CCEEVs can be used in both pre- and post-exposure vaccinations. CCEEVs use inactivated rabies virus grown from either embryonated eggs or in cell cultures and are safe for use in humans and animals. [11] [24]
Paralytic rabies causes a slow progression from paralysis to coma to death. [73] There are 60,000 deaths from rabies annually. [72] It can be prevented in dogs by vaccination [73] and by cleaning and disinfecting bite wounds and post-exposure prophylaxis. [74] Rabies is undiagnosable before symptoms develop.