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Artificial gills are hypothetical devices to allow a human to be able to take in oxygen from surrounding water. This is speculative technology that has not yet been demonstrated. Natural gills work because most animals with gills are thermoconformers (cold-blooded), so they need much less oxygen than a thermoregulator (warm
by ventilatory driving force: the breathing effort of the user, or mechanical work from an external source, by gas mixture: air, oxygen enriched, or pure oxygen. The user respiratory interface is the delivery system by which the breathing apparatus guides the breathing gas flow to and from the user.
Underwater breathing apparatus can be classified as open circuit, semi-closed circuit, (including gas extenders) or closed circuit (including reclaim systems), based on whether any of the exhaled gas is recycled, and as self-contained or remotely supplied (usually surface-supplied, but also possibly from a lock-out submersible or an underwater habitat), depending on where the source of the ...
The area of the graph (green) is proportional to the net mechanical work of breathing for a single breathing cycle. Breathing apparatus must allow the user to breathe with minimum added work of breathing, and minimise additional dead space. Work of breathing (WOB) is the energy expended to inhale and exhale a breathing gas. It is usually ...
A typical graph produced when testing the breathing performance of a diving regulator. The breathing performance of regulators is a measure of the ability of a breathing gas regulator to meet the demands placed on it at varying ambient pressures and temperatures, and under varying breathing loads, for the range of breathing gases it may be expected to deliver.
Soda lime canister used in anaesthetic machines to act as a carbon dioxide scrubber. Soda lime, a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO), is used in granular form within recirculating breathing environments like general anesthesia and its breathing circuit, submarines, rebreathers, and hyperbaric chambers and underwater habitats.
The positive pressure test checks that the unit will not lose gas while in use, and the negative pressure test ensures that water will not leak into the breathing loop where it can degrade the scrubber medium or the oxygen sensors. [5] A test and calibration of the oxygen sensors is part of the pre-dive or daily checks for rebreathers which use ...
Artificial ventilation or respiration is when a machine assists in a metabolic process to exchange gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. [1] A machine called a ventilator provides the person air manually by moving air in and out of the lungs when an individual is unable to breathe on their own.