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Luminal A (ER and/or PR positive; HER2 negative) Luminal B (ER and/or PR positive; HER2 positive) HER2-enriched (ER/PR negative; HER2 positive) Basal like (triple negative). [6] Additionally, cancers can be ER-/PR+ or ER+/PR-, but these are unnamed and relatively rare. [7] The receptor status of a cancer is assessed for all breast cancers as it ...
[5] [6] This differentiates MammaPrint from other multi-gene assays in use today that have only shown predictive value in ER positive, HER2 negative, lymph node (LN) negative patients. MammaPrint is also indicated for patients with ER negative tumors (15% of tumors [7]). There are no exclusion criteria based on histopathologic tumor type (i.e ...
The incidence of ductal carcinomas as a whole is 86.3 cases per 100,000 women, with the incidence increasing sharply for women over 40 years of age and peaking at 285.6 cases per 100,000 for women between 70 and 79. This incidence has decreased slightly over time.
Over-expression is also known to occur in ovarian, [19] stomach, adenocarcinoma of the lung [20] and aggressive forms of uterine cancer, such as uterine serous endometrial carcinoma, [21] [22] e.g. HER2 is over-expressed in approximately 7-34% of patients with gastric cancer [23] [24] and in 30% of salivary duct carcinomas.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Estrogen receptors are over-expressed in approximately 70% of diagnosed breast cancers. Growing exposure of the mammary epithelium to estrogen is related to the risk of breast cancer as the binding of estrogen to the HER2 receptor in mammary cells causes a rise in the division and cell synthesis.
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