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The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise (specialisation).Individuals, organisations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialised capabilities, and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own.
Work specialization (also called division of labor or job specialization) is the degree to which organizational tasks are sub-divided into individual jobs. [2] The pros to work specialization are that it may increase the efficiency of workers by only having a certain amount of tasks to focus on and complete.
Economic specialization, the separation of tasks within an economy; Flexible Specialization (Post-Fordism), a name given to the dominant system of economic production, consumption and associated socio-economic phenomena, in most industrialized countries since the late 20th century; Network governance, also known as Flexible Specialization
Specialization is one common feature that distinguishes work from other activities. For example, a sport is a job for a professional athlete who earns their livelihood from it, but a hobby for someone playing for fun in their community.
The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) classification structure for organizing information on labour and jobs. It is part of the international family of economic and social classifications of the United Nations. [ 1 ]
In the workplace, specialization of labor is used to divide up the workload in a manner that improves efficiency. However, holders of overspecialized positions tend to perform repetitive jobs, leading to boredom, dissatisfaction, and lower-quality output. [2]
In the early 20th century, theories of organizations initially took a rational perspective but have since become more diverse. In a rational organization system, there are two significant parts: Specificity of Goals and Formalization. The division of labor is the specialization of individual labor roles, associated with increasing output and trade.
Plato described job specialization in 350 BC, and Alfarabi listed several leadership traits in AD 900. [54] Other examples include the Indian Arthashastra by Chanakya (written around 300 BC), and The Prince by Italian author Niccolò Machiavelli (c. 1515). [55