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  2. Lead(II) chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_chloride

    In the gas phase, PbCl 2 molecules have a bent structure with the ClPbCl angle being 98° and each Pb–-Cl bond distance being 2.44 Å. [7] Such PbCl 2 is emitted from internal combustion engines that use ethylene chloride-tetraethyllead additives for antiknock purposes.

  3. Lead(IV) chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(IV)_chloride

    This is because the central atom is bigger (Pb is bigger than C) so there is less cluttering and water can easily access it. [3] Also, because of the presence of empty d orbitals on the Pb atom, oxygen can bind to it before a PbCl bond has to break, thus requiring less energy. The overall reaction is thus as follow:

  4. Coordination number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_number

    For molecules and polyatomic ions the coordination number of an atom is determined by simply counting the other atoms to which it is bonded (by either single or multiple bonds). [1] For example, [Cr(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 Br 2 ] − has Cr 3+ as its central cation, which has a coordination number of 6 and is described as hexacoordinate .

  5. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    A double bond between two given atoms consists of one σ and one π bond, and a triple bond is one σ and two π bonds. [8] Covalent bonds are also affected by the electronegativity of the connected atoms which determines the chemical polarity of the bond. Two atoms with equal electronegativity will make nonpolar covalent bonds such as H–H.

  6. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    Molecules that are formed primarily from non-polar covalent bonds are often immiscible in water or other polar solvents, but much more soluble in non-polar solvents such as hexane. A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond with a significant ionic character. This means that the two shared electrons are closer to one of the atoms than the other ...

  7. List of chemistry mnemonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemistry_mnemonics

    A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics.

  8. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    For example, Na + is the counterion to Cl −, and vice versa, in solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl). covalent bond. Also molecular bond. A bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces that occurs between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.

  9. Lead compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_compounds

    The tetralkyl deratives contain lead(IV); the Pb–C bonds are covalent. They thus resemble typical organic compounds. [14] Lead readily forms an equimolar alloy with sodium metal that reacts with alkyl halides to form organometallic compounds of lead such as tetraethyllead. [15]