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As finally established in 1955, [1] the Iberian gauge is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges adopted as respective national standards in Spain and Portugal in the mid-19th century. The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm (5 ft 5 + 13 ⁄ 16 in) gauge of six Castilian feet.
An ETR 500 train running on the Florence–Rome high-speed line near Arezzo, the first high-speed railway opened in Europe [3] Across the EU, passenger rail transport saw a 50% increase between 2021 and 2022, with the 2022 passenger-kilometers figure being slightly under that of 2019 (i.e. before the COVID-19 pandemic). [4]
The Eurail Pass, introduced in 1959 and formerly known as Europass or Eurorail Pass, is a rail pass which permits travel through 33 European countries on nearly all railroads and several shipping lines. The Eurail Group, based in Utrecht, is responsible for the marketing and management of the Eurail and Interrail passes.
During 2009, the joint venture operator Ibercargo Rail was formed by Takargo Rail and the Spanish company COMSA Rail Transport; it focused on rail freight operations between Spain and Portugal. [1] [7] [8] Ibercargo Rail ran its first cross-border freight service in October 2010. [9] [10] Throughout the 2010s, Ibercargo Rail's activities expanded.
Rail transport in Spain operates on four rail gauges and services are operated by a variety of private and public operators. Total railway length in 2020 was 15,489 km (9,953 km electrified). [ 2 ] The Spanish high-speed rail network is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,973 km (2,464 mi) and the second longest in the world, after China 's.
Mobile Interrail Pass [1] The Interrail Pass is a rail pass available to European citizens and residents. Citizens of other countries residing outside Europe may purchase the Eurail Pass instead. [2] Types of Interrail Pass include the Interrail Global Pass and the Interrail One Country Pass. [3]