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The oldest known Tamil-Brahmi inscription, near Mangulam in Madurai district [144] Four Dravidian languages, viz. Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Malayalam, have lengthy literary traditions. [145] Literature in Tulu and Kodava is more recent. [145] Recently old literature in Gondi has been discovered as well. [146]
Kannada lost clusivity. Old Tamil retained the PD like tense system of past vs non past but none currently do, all have past, present, future. Common plural marker is -kaḷ(u) in Tamil-Kannada while Tulu uses -ḷŭ, -kuḷŭ, certain Malayalamoid languages use other methods like -ya in Ravula and having kuṟe before the word in Eranadan.
In most cases, some form of the language had already been spoken (and even written) considerably earlier than the dates of the earliest extant samples provided here. A written record may encode a stage of a language corresponding to an earlier time, either as a result of oral tradition , or because the earliest source is a copy of an older ...
The declared Classical languages (Sashtriya Bhasa) of the Republic of India: Assamese, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Tamil, and Telugu. Classical language means a language more than 1500 years old i.e. most senior (very rich) language.
The earliest copper plates inscribed in Old Kannada script and language, dated to the early 8th century AD, are associated with Alupa King Aluvarasa II from Belmannu (the Dakshina Kannada district), and display the double crested fish, his royal emblem. [74] The oldest well-preserved palm leaf manuscript in Old Kannada is that of Dhavala.
In Modern Kannada, the term used for Old Kannada is haḷegannaḍa ಹಳೆಗನ್ನಡ. In this, haḷe, from Old Kannada paḻe ಪೞೆ, means “old,” and gannaḍa is the sandhi form of Kannaḍa, the name of the language, presumably deriving from a Sanskrit reloan of a Dravidian word for “land of the black soil.”
Other literary works in Old Tamil include two long epics, Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai, and a number of ethical and didactic texts, written between the 5th and 8th centuries. [19] Old Tamil preserved some features of Proto-Dravidian, including the inventory of consonants, [20] the syllable structure, [21] and various grammatical features. [22]
Tamil inscription from Mangulam, ... [19] of Chandragiri which is in Old-Kannada is older than Halmidi by about 50 to 100 years and may belong to c. 350 CE or c. 400 CE.