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When an organic material must be used for parts such as diaphragms, seals, packing or valve seats, the material with the highest ignition temperature for the required mechanical properties is usually chosen. Fluoroelastomers are preferred where large areas are in direct contact with oxygen flow.
Valve seats are often formed by first press-fitting an approximately cylindrical piece of a hardened metal alloy, such as Stellite, into a cast depression in a cylinder head above each eventual valve stem position, [1] and then machining a conical-section surface into the valve seat that will mate with a corresponding conical section of the ...
Stellite alloys are a family of completely non-magnetic and corrosion-resistant cobalt alloys of various compositions that have been optimised for different uses. Stellite alloys are suited for cutting tools, an example is Stellite 100, because this alloy is quite hard, maintains a good cutting edge at high temperature, and resists hardening and annealing.
Beryllium copper valve seats and guides are used in high-performance four-stroke engines with coated titanium valves. BeCu dissipates heat from the valve as much as seven times faster than powdered steel or iron seats and guides. The softer BeCu reduces valve wear and increases valve life. [citation needed]
Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves) consists of a valve body with two or more ports, a flexible diaphragm, and a "weir or saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve. The valve body may be constructed from plastic , metal or other materials depending on the intended use.
Seats are classified by whether they are cut directly into the body, or if they are made of a different material: Hard seats are integral to the valve body. Nearly all hard seated metal valves have a small amount of leakage. Soft seats are fitted to the valve body and made of softer materials such as PTFE or various elastomers such as NBR, EPDM ...
In addition, chemical compatibility refers to the container material being acceptable to store the chemical or for a tool or object that comes in contact with a chemical to not degrade. For example, when stirring a chemical, the stirrer must be stable in the chemical that is being stirred. Many companies publish chemical resistance charts.
The upper part of the valve stem, within the rocker box, is lubricated by oil. If this oil travels unchecked along the valve stem, engine HC emissions will become excessive. To control this, an elastomeric seal is fitted over the top of the valve guide. These may wear or stiffen with age, so are usually replaced whenever valves are removed for ...