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The first phase of this "revolution" encompasses the time between the late 19th century to the 1930s. This era gave birth to the "independent female worker." From 1890 to 1930, women in the workforce were typically young and unmarried. They had little or no learning on the job and typically held clerical and teaching positions.
Their report American Women published in 1963 expressed a desire for the elimination of gender difference, but not where it would remove protections for working-class women. [10] It was a far-reaching document that offered many comprehensive recommendations focused on not only working women, but minority women as well.
The WTUL also emphasized the passing of labor standardization legislation as well as promoting the education of women in the workforce. [ 3 ] The WTUL counted a diverse group of people amongst their ranks, from educated women reformers of a mostly white, Protestant, and native-born background, to young women workers which included a large ...
However, the membership was divided on going beyond these issues or collaborating with ethnic or groups or labor unions. Its refusal to stretch traditional gender boundaries, gave it a conservative reputation in the working-class. Before the 1930s, the women's affiliates of labor unions were too small and weak to fill the gap. [181]
On January 1, the Massachusetts government enforces a law that allowed women to work a maximum of 54 hours instead of 56. Ten days later, affected workers discover that pay had been reduced along with the cut in hours. [64] 1915. The Supreme Court first considers the Expatriation Act of 1907 in the 1915 case MacKenzie v. Hare.
These women would live in boarding houses costing $1.50 a week, waking at 5:30 a.m. to start their ten-hour work day. When women entered the paid workforce in the 1920s they were paid less than men because employers thought the women's jobs were temporary.
This amendment to the law gave women in the workforce additional rights, recognizing the importance of their work. The law saw single women being entitled to a salary similar to that of her male peers working in the same job. The law had one problem though in that married women still required permission from their husbands to accept a job. [171 ...
Van Kleeck investigated labor conditions for women in the workforce during World War I, such as these ordnance manufacturers in Pennsylvania. In 1917, the United States entered World War I. By this point, van Kleeck enjoyed "a well-deserved reputation as one of the nation's leading experts on women's employment."