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Bromethalin works by being metabolised to n-desmethyl-bromethalin and uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which causes a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. The decreased ATP inhibits the activity of the Na/K ATPase enzyme , thereby leading to a subsequent buildup of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and vacuolization ...
For this purpose, baits containing anticoagulants such as Warfarin were long used; they kill relatively slowly through internal bleeding, which is not associated with ingestion. More recently a highly potent toxin attacking the central nervous system, bromethalin, has been used. Again, with sub-lethal doses of this chemical, the animal cannot ...
For the fast-acting rodenticide bromethalin, for example, there is no diagnostic test or antidote. [ 23 ] This has led environmental researchers to conclude that low strength, long duration rodenticides (generally first generation anticoagulants) are the best balance between maximum effect and minimum risk.
Warning label on a tube of rat poison containing bromadiolone on a dike of the Scheldt river in Steendorp, Belgium. Bromadiolone is a potent anticoagulant rodenticide.It is a second-generation 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative and vitamin K antagonist, often called a "super-warfarin" for its added potency and tendency to accumulate in the liver of the poisoned organism.
4-686-293-01, also known as Agent 1-10, is a highly potent experimental carbamate nerve agent, patented in May 1967 by the US army. [1] Due to its high molecular weight and thermal stability, it can remain embedded within various surfaces and clothes for prolonged periods of time.
In the first method 2 moles of 2-dimethylaminomethyl-3-dimethylcarbamoxypyridine and app. 1 mol α,ω-dihaloalkane (e.g. 1,8-dibromooctane in this case) in acetonitrile is heated on a steam bath for 6 hours. It is then allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. The crystalline product is collected by filtration. [3] [6]
5-Hydroxyisoquinoline and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is heated on a steam bath for 2 hours. The mixture is then cooled and treated with benzene.The resulting solid is then dissolved in water.
EA-4056's CAS is 110913-96-7, mass 732.6 g/mol, melting point 100–105 °C, and it is soluble in water and alcohols. It is a crystalline solid. [1] EA-4056 evaporates slowly in to the air; thus it can be classified as being extremely persistent in the environment if any possible effects of external factors like sun light and water (air humidity) upon it are neglected.