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Saffron-based pigments have indeed been found in 50,000-year-old depictions of prehistoric places in northwest Iran. [87] [88] The Sumerians later used wild-growing saffron in their remedies and magical potions. [89] Saffron was an article of long-distance trade before the Minoan palace culture's 2nd millennium BC peak.
Saffron is the triploid form of a species found in Eastern Greece, Crocus cartwrightianus; it probably appeared first in Crete. An origin in Western or Central Asia, although often suspected, has been disproved by botanical research. [24]
However, 6-Hydroxyflavones are found only in Crocus, which is also characterised by the presence of crocins, water-soluble yellow carotenoids, in the floral tissues. Crocin is a diester of crocetin , responsible for the colour of the styles and stigma of C. sativus , and hence saffron.
Crocus sativus, commonly known as saffron crocus or autumn crocus, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the iris family Iridaceae. A cormous autumn-flowering cultivated perennial , unknown in the wild, [ 2 ] it is best known for the culinary use of its floral stigmas as the spice saffron .
Saffron's usual substitutes in food—turmeric and safflower, among others—yield a garishly bright yellow that could hardly be confused with that of saffron. Saffron's main colourant is the carotenoid crocin; it has been discovered in the less tediously harvested—and hence less costly—gardenia fruit. Research in China is ongoing. [17]
The saffron grown in Kashmir is mainly three types — ‘Lachha Saffron’, with stigmas just separated from the flowers and dried without further processing; ‘Mongra Saffron’, in which stigmas are detached from the flower, dried in the sun and processed traditionally; and ‘Guchhi Saffron’, which is the same as Lachha, except that the ...
Colchicum autumnale, commonly known as autumn crocus, meadow saffron, [3] naked boys [4] or naked ladies, [5] is a toxic autumn-blooming flowering plant that resembles the true crocuses, but is a member of the plant family Colchicaceae, unlike the true crocuses, which belong to the family Iridaceae.
The saffron beetle (Calosoma schayeri) is a beetle found in Australia. The saffron sapphire (Iolaus pallene) is a butterfly found in Africa. The saffron skipper (Poanes aaroni) is a skipper found in North America. Fungi. False saffron milkcap (Lactarius deterrimus) is a fungus found in Europe and Asia. Saffron milk cap (Lactarius deliciosus) is ...