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Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [11] [12] [13] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. [1] The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
Cancer can be considered a very large and exceptionally heterogeneous family of malignant diseases, with squamous-cell carcinomas comprising one of the largest subsets. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] All SCC lesions are thought to begin via the repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics.
This way the radiation source can be applied to complex locations and minimize radiation to healthy tissue. [57] After removal of the cancer, closure of the skin for patients with a decreased amount of skin laxity involves a split-thickness skin graft. A donor site is chosen and enough skin is removed so that the donor site can heal on its own.
Radiation can cause cancer in most parts of the body, in all animals, and at any age, although radiation-induced solid tumors usually take 10–15 years, and can take up to 40 years, to become clinically manifest, and radiation-induced leukemias typically require 2–9 years to appear.
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The dispersed tumors are called metastatic tumors, while the original is called the primary tumor. Almost all cancers can metastasize. [38] Most cancer deaths are due to cancer that has metastasized. [39] Metastasis is common in the late stages of cancer and it can occur via the blood or the lymphatic system or both. The typical steps in ...
The enzyme telomerase is used to extend the cancer cell's life span. While the telomeres of most cells shorten after each division, eventually causing the cell to die, telomerase extends the cell's telomeres. This is a major reason that cancer cells can accumulate over time, creating tumors.
The Big See is the Foundation's public service campaign, which empowers the public to take a proactive approach to skin cancer detection. [12] The Big See leverages the seriousness of cancer (the big C) while highlighting the unique characteristic of skin cancer, which is that people can actually see it.