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In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of childbirth .
Fetal position (British English: also foetal) is the positioning of the body of a prenatal fetus as it develops. In this position, the back is curved, the head is bowed, and the limbs are bent and drawn up to the torso. A compact position is typical for fetuses. Many newborn mammals, especially rodents, remain in a fetal position well after birth.
They may also be referred to as delivery positions or labor positions. In addition to the lithotomy position (on back with feet pulled up), still commonly used by many obstetricians , other positions are successfully used by midwives and traditional birth-attendants around the world.
In a first pregnancy it may happen a few weeks before the due date, though it may happen later or even not until labor begins, as is typical with subsequent pregnancies. [58] It is during the third trimester that maternal activity and sleep positions may affect fetal development due to restricted blood flow.
The term postterm pregnancy is used to describe a condition in which a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the usual 40-week duration of pregnancy. [155] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including meconium aspiration syndrome, fetal malnutrition, and stillbirths. [156]
A breech birth is when a baby is born bottom first instead of head first, as is normal. [1] Around 3–5% of pregnant women at term (37–40 weeks pregnant) have a breech baby. [2] Due to their higher than average rate of possible complications for the baby, breech births are generally considered higher risk. [3]
In obstetrics, Leopold maneuvers are a common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus. They are named after the gynecologist Christian Gerhard Leopold. They are also used to estimate term fetal weight. [1] The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the position of the fetus.
Embryonic age: 7 weeks and 0 days until 9 weeks and 6 days old. Fetus at 10 weeks. Embryo measures 30–80 mm (1.2–3.1 in) in length. Ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse during the 8th week; Intestines rotate. Facial features continue to develop. The eyelids are more developed. The external features of the ear begin to take their final shape.