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T2-low asthma is rare compared to T2-high asthma, but is often severe and refractory to inhaled corticosteroids. [1] There is a lack of targeted therapies to treat severe T2-low asthma, [ 1 ] [ 3 ] with the exception of anti-TSLP therapy, which is indicated for severe asthma regardless of etiology. [ 4 ]
to assess of impairment from occupational asthma [8] to identify those at risk from pulmonary barotrauma while scuba diving [8] to conduct pre-operative risk assessment before anaesthesia or cardiothoracic surgery [8] to measure response to treatment of conditions which spirometry detects [8] to diagnose the vocal cord dysfunction.
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. [1]
Cheyne–Stokes respiration is a breathing pattern consisting of alternating periods of rapid and slow breathing, which may result from a brain stem injury. [12] Cheyne-Stokes respiration may be observed in newborn babies, but this is occasionally physiological (normal). Chest retractions may be observed in patients with asthma.
Notably, the Berlin guidelines discourage the use of the term "acute lung injury" or ALI, as the term was commonly being misused to characterize a less severe degree of lung injury. Instead, the committee proposes a classification of ARDS severity as mild, moderate, or severe according to arterial oxygen saturation. [16]
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping has emerged as a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine which separates the clinical presentations of asthma, or asthma phenotypes, from their underlying causes, or asthma endotypes. The best-supported endotypic distinction is the type 2-high/type 2-low distinction.
Terms such as 'mild', 'moderate', and 'severe' are sometimes used for staging disease and are commonly based on resting pulmonary function test measurements. [3] However, there is no clear consensus regarding the staging of IPF patients and what are the best criteria and values to use.
An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), is a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms including shortness of breath, quantity and color of phlegm that typically lasts for several days.