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Artificial bone refers to bone-like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafts, to replace human bone that was lost due to severe fractures, disease, etc. [1] Bone fracture, which is a complete or partial break in the bone, is a very common condition that has more than three million US cases per year. [ 2 ]
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Some small or acute fractures can be cured without bone grafting, but the risk is greater for large fractures like compound fractures.
Orthopedic implant example seen with X-ray. An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone, or to support a damaged bone. [1] The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. [2]
Osteoplasty is the branch of surgery concerned with bone repair or bone grafting. [1] It is the surgical alteration or reshaping of bone. [2] It may be used to relieve pain associated with metastatic bone disease. [3] [unreliable medical source?] Percutaneous osteoplasty [4] involves the use of bone cement to reduce pain and improve mobility. [5]
Alloplasty is a surgical procedure performed to substitute and repair defects within the body with the use of synthetic material. [1] It can also be performed in order to bridge wounds . [ 1 ] The process of undergoing alloplasty involves the construction of an alloplastic graft through the use of computed tomography ( CT ), rapid prototyping ...
Osseointegration (from Latin osseus "bony" and integrare "to make whole") is the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant ("load-bearing" as defined by Albrektsson et al. in 1981).
Bone ingrowth is a favorable effect, as it anchors the cells into the implant, increasing the strength of the bone-implant interface. [30] More load is transferred from the implant to the bone, reducing stress shielding effects. The density of the bone around the implant is likely to be higher due to the increased load applied to the bone.
The use of artificial materials as bone prosthesis had the advantage of being much more versatile than traditional autotransplants, as well as having fewer postoperative side effects. [ 30 ] There is tentative evidence that bioactive glass by the composition S53P4 may also be useful in long bone infections . [ 31 ]