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A memory controller, also known as memory chip controller (MCC) or a memory controller unit (MCU), is a digital circuit that manages the flow of data going to and from a computer's main memory. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When a memory controller is integrated into another chip, such as an integral part of a microprocessor , it is usually called an integrated ...
One of the advantages of having the memory controller integrated on the CPU die is to reduce latency from the CPU to memory. Some northbridge chips have supported dual processors, for example Intel's 5000X memory controller used in the original Mac Pro from 2006. Another example of this kind of change is Nvidia's nForce3 for AMD K8 systems.
Block diagram of the Platform Controller Hub–based chipset architecture, including an Integrated Memory Controller (IMC) in the CPU An Intel DH82H81 PCH with its die exposed. The Platform Controller Hub (PCH) is a family of Intel's single-chip chipsets, first introduced in 2009.
Thus, the northbridge became the Memory Controller Hub (MCH) or if it had integrated graphics (e.g., Intel 810), the Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH). Other ICH features include: PCI Rev 2.2 compliant with support for 33 MHz PCI operations. Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Support; Integrated IDE controller for Ultra ...
A microcontroller (MC, UC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. A microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals.
The two large integrated circuits below the middle of the image are the DMA controller (l.) and - unusual - an extra dedicated DMA controller (r.) for the magneto-optical disc used instead of a hard disk drive in the first series of this computer model. Standard DMA, also called third-party DMA, uses a DMA controller.
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In computing, an input–output memory management unit (IOMMU) is a memory management unit (MMU) connecting a direct-memory-access–capable (DMA-capable) I/O bus to the main memory. Like a traditional MMU, which translates CPU -visible virtual addresses to physical addresses , the IOMMU maps device-visible virtual addresses (also called device ...