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The California genocide was a series of genocidal massacres of the indigenous peoples of California by United States soldiers and settlers during the 19th century. It began following the American conquest of California in the Mexican–American War and the subsequent influx of American settlers to the region as a result of the California gold rush.
According to a survey conducted between 2016 and 2018, "36% of Americans almost certainly believe that the United States is guilty of committing genocide against Native Americans." [42] Indigenous author Michelle A. Stanley writes that "Indigenous genocide is largely denied, erased, relegated to the distant past, or presented as inevitable".
It includes both massacres of native Indian populations, as well as other aspects of cultural genocide as defined by the United Nations. [2] [3] [4] Long Walk of the Navajo: the 1864 deportation and ethnic cleansing of the Navajo people by the United States federal government. Native American genocide in the United States. California genocide
The Act in essence facilitated the removal of Indigenous groups native to present-day California, and separated a generation of children and adults from their native culture, families, and languages. Additionally, it indentured Indigenous members to white people in the area. [13] The provisions of this act of important note are as follows: 3.
A Superintendent of Indian Affairs was appointed for California to oversee them. U.S. Senate rejected the 18 treaties negotiated with California native peoples on July 7, 1852 in a secret vote. For the next 50 years the documents remained classified. Also see California Indian Reservations and Cessions.
1850 depiction of an indigenous woman panning for gold during the California gold rush. Forced labor of Native Americans in California spanned from the Spanish missions of the 18th century to the gold rush era of the mid-19th century. Native Californians were subject to systematic exploitation, forced labor, and cultural disruption.
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The decision has been heavily criticized by Indigenous people, who note that the court failed to take into account that the cessation in using burial grounds for a period of five years or more was involuntary, since Indigenous peoples of California throughout the state were driven away from their homelands by settlers during the gold rush and California Genocide.