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See the Width section of Help:Table.To summarize, max-width is the preferred way to limit widths on tables. It works on divs too. Note though that in both tables and divs there needs to be spaces in long lines of text or wikitext.
Developers can choose between a fixed-width container and a fluid-width container. While the latter always fills the width with the web page, the former uses one of the five predefined fixed widths, depending on the size of the screen showing the page: [6] Smaller than 576 pixels; 576–768 pixels; 768–992 pixels; 992–1200 pixels; 1200 ...
Also, if the table has cell spacing (and thus border-collapse=separate), meaning that cells have separate borders with a gap in between, that gap will still be visible. A cruder way to align columns of numbers is to use a figure space   or  , which is intended to be the width of a numeral, though is font-dependent in practice:
However, the table margins, border and font-size must be precisely set to match a typical image display. The Image-spec parameter "thumb|" (although auto-thumbnailing to user-preference width) forces a wide left-margin that squeezes the nearby text, so the parameter "center|" can be added to suppress the left-margin padding.
To start a new table row, type a vertical bar and a hyphen on its own line: "|-". The codes for the cells in that row start on the next line. An id for § anchoring in-links, and § row style may be included on the same line. {| |+ The table's caption |-row code goes here |-next row code goes here |}
Instead, the solution (to both) as autowidened tables, with column-spacers (and no column "width="), will avoid both extremes, of too-wide percent-width columns or too-narrow pixel-width columns, and will allow a table to auto-adjust to the user's screen size, or various text-size zoom views.
The Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specification describes how elements of web pages are displayed by graphical browsers. Section 4 of the CSS1 specification defines a "formatting model" that gives block-level elements—such as p and blockquote—a width and height, and three levels of boxes surrounding it: padding, borders, and margins. [4]
This is a test of the default settings for a very wide table with much text to show the extent of the margins when enough data is present to push the table to its maximum width allowed by the table properties. A table with long text, or many wide columns, will expand to fit 98% of the width of the window.