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The Hierarchical internetworking model is a three-layer model for network design first proposed by Cisco in 1998. [1] The hierarchical design model divides enterprise networks into three layers: core, distribution, and access.
Network planning and design is an iterative process, encompassing topological design, network-synthesis, and network-realization, and is aimed at ensuring that a new telecommunications network or service meets the needs of the subscriber and operator. [1] The process can be tailored according to each new network or service. [2]
The goal of a distributed network is to share resources, typically to accomplish a single or similar goal. [1] [2] Usually, this takes place over a computer network, [1] however, internet-based computing is rising in popularity. [3] Typically, a distributed networking system is composed of processes, threads, agents, and distributed objects. [3]
A distribution management system (DMS) is a collection of applications designed to monitor and control the electric power distribution networks efficiently and reliably. It acts as a decision support system to assist the control room and field operating personnel with the monitoring and control of the electric distribution system.
Distribution networks are divided into two types, radial or network. [10] A radial system is arranged like a tree where each customer has one source of supply. A network system has multiple sources of supply operating in parallel. Spot networks are used for concentrated loads. Radial systems are commonly used in rural or suburban areas.
The power distribution network distributes power and ground voltages from pad locations to all devices in a design. Shrinking device dimensions, faster switching frequencies and increasing power consumption in deep sub-micrometer technologies cause large switching currents to flow in the power and ground networks which degrade performance and reliability.
For a network of n nodes, only n − 1 routes are necessary to connect all nodes so the upper bound is n − 1, and the complexity is O(n). That compares favourably to the () routes, or O(n 2), which would be required to connect each node to every other node in a point-to-point network. For example, in a system with 6 destinations, the spoke ...
An access network is a type of telecommunications network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. It is contrasted with the core network, which connects local providers to one another. The access network may be further divided between feeder plant or distribution network, and drop plant or edge network.