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The Farewell Sermon (Arabic: خطبة الوداع, Khuṭbatu l-Widāʿ) also known as Muhammad's Final Sermon or the Last Sermon, is a religious speech, delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on Friday the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH (6 March 632 [1]) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, during the Islamic pilgrimage of Hajj.
Mount Arafat, also known as Jabal Rahma, with the white marble pillar marking the location at which Muhammad delivered the Farewell Sermon. Spending the night at Dhi Tuwa outside Mecca, Muhammad and his companions arrived at the Masjid al-Haram the next day.
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya (Arabic: السيرة النبوية), commonly shortened to Sīrah and translated as prophetic biography, are the traditional biographies of the Islamic prophet Muhammad written by Muslim historians, from which, in addition to the Qurʾān and ḥadīth literature, most historical information about his life and the early history of Islam is derived.
The era of the companions began following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, and ended in 110 AH (728 CE) when the last companion Abu al-Tufayl died. Later Islamic scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Quran was revealed and other important matters in Islamic history and practice.
A more popular but less authenticated version states "when Adam was between water and mud." [46] As recorded by Ibn Sa'd, Qatada ibn Di'ama quoted Muhammad: "I was the first human in creation and I am the last one on resurrection". [47] According to a Shia tradition, not only Muhammad, but also Ali preceded the creation of Adam.
Pastor Rick Warren speaks during the Southern Baptist Convention's annual meeting in Anaheim on June 14. (Jae C. Hong / Associated Press)
436 AH) provides a short version of the sermon with a complete Sunni chain of transmission. The sermon also appears in Kitab al-saqifa by Abu Bakr al-Jawhari (d. 323 AH) and quoted by Ibn Abi'l-Hadid (d. 656 AH) in his extensive commentary of Nahj al-balagha, a collection of speeches and sayings attributed to Ali.