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Cocoa beans and cocoa harvest processing. Ghana's cocoa production grew an average of 16 per cent between 2000 and 2003. [18] Cocoa has a long production cycle, far longer than many other tropical crops, and new hybrid varieties need over five years to come into production, and a further 10 to 15 years for the tree to reach its full bearing potential.
The first allegations that child slavery is used in cocoa production appeared in 1998. [43] In late 2000, a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa in West Africa. [43] [44] [45] Other media followed by reporting widespread child slavery and child trafficking in the production of cocoa. [46] [47]
[1] [3] Cocoa tree seedlings were brought to São Tomé and Príncipe from Brazil, marking the arrival of cocoa in Africa. [4] [5] The first cocoa tree to fully grow in the colony was on the island of Príncipe, in 1824. [1] Cocoa proved to be a profitable crop, as global demand for it gradually increased throughout the century.
However, cocoa farming and the production of cocoa beans are extremely fragile and labour-intensive processes. The cocoa trees are also called Cacao trees. The process begins with a Cacao plant, or Theobroma cacao, in which the beans are extracted from pods that grow directly on the cocoa trees
In 2010, cocoa production accounted for only 0.3% of agricultural GDP. [1] Average cocoa beans production in Nigeria between 2000 and 2010 was 389,272 tonnes per year [1] rising from 170,000 tonnes produced in 1999. [3]
Cacao seed in the fruit or pocha from the Theobroma cacao tree Cocoa seeds being dried before roasting Cocoa seeds being roasted. Fair trade cocoa is an agricultural product harvested from a cocoa tree using a certified process which is followed by cocoa farmers, buyers, and chocolate manufacturers, and is designed to create sustainable incomes for farmers and their families.
While most cocoa is produced in West and Central Africa, most chocolate is consumed in North America and Europe. [2] As of 2024, Ivory Coast and Ghana alone produced 60% of the world's cocoa. [ 3 ] In these two countries, cocoa beans are sold in advance of the October–September growing season via government contracts to trading houses , the ...
Starting in the 18th century, chocolate production was improved. In the 19th century, engine-powered milling was developed, [38] [39] and in 1828, Coenraad Johannes van Houten received a patent for a process making Dutch cocoa. This removed cocoa butter from chocolate liquor (the product of milling), and permitted large scale production of ...