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Proximal diabetic neuropathy, also known as diabetic amyotrophy, is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the nerves that supply the thighs, hips, buttocks and/or lower legs. Proximal diabetic neuropathy is a type of diabetic neuropathy characterized by muscle wasting, weakness, pain, or changes in sensation/numbness of the leg.
Diabetic neuropathy is implicated in 50–75% of nontraumatic amputations. The main risk factor for diabetic neuropathy is hyperglycemia. In the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 1995) study, the annual incidence of neuropathy was 2% per year but dropped to 0.56% with intensive treatment of Type 1 diabetics.
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus (CFRD) develops with age, and the median age at diagnosis is 21 years. [1] It is an example of type 3c diabetes – diabetes that is caused by damage to the pancreas from another disease or condition. [2]
Type 3c diabetes (also known as pancreatogenic diabetes) is diabetes that comes secondary to pancreatic diseases, [1] involving the exocrine and digestive functions of the pancreas. It also occurs following surgical removal of the pancreas. Around 5–10% of cases of diabetes in the Western world are related to pancreatic diseases.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes K85-K86 within Chapter XI: Diseases of the digestive system should be included in this category. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diseases and disorders of pancreas .
Pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in Johanson–Blizzard syndrome can be associated with either a buildup of connective tissue in the islet regions, congenital replacement of the islets with fatty tissue, or improper nerve signalling to the islets. [1] [5] [8] [11] [12] Endocrine dysfunction of the pancreas often results in diabetes mellitus.
The pancreas is central in the pathophysiology of both major types of diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is direct damage to the endocrine pancreas that results in insufficient insulin synthesis and secretion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which begins with insulin resistance, is characterized by the ultimate failure of ...
Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetic complications. [1] While not exclusive, the two most common forms are diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy, whose pathophysiologies are largely identical. Other forms of diabetic angiopathy include diabetic neuropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy. [2] [3]