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Königsberg (/ ˈ k ɜː n ɪ ɡ z ˌ b ɜːr ɡ /; German: [ˈkøːnɪçsbɛʁk] ⓘ, lit. ' King's mountain ', Polish: Królewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliaučius, Baltic Prussian: Kunnegsgarbs, Russian: Кёнигсберг, romanized: Kyonigsberg) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II. In four days of urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg, present day Kaliningrad, Russia.
Kaliningrad, [a] known as Königsberg [b] until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland.The city sits about 663 kilometres (412 mi) west of the bulk of Russia.
Altstadt was a quarter of central Königsberg, Prussia. During the Middle Ages it was the most powerful of the three towns that composed the city of Königsberg, the others being Löbenicht and Kneiphof. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia.
Until the latter part of World War II, the apartments of the Hohenzollerns and the Prussia Museum (north wing, Prussia-Sammlung ) were open to the public daily. Among other things, the museum accommodated 240,000 exhibits of the Prussian collection , a collection of the Königsberg State and University Library , as well as many paintings by the ...
The palace was one of the so-called 'royal palaces' of East Prussia, which could be used by the king of Prussia while travelling. In January 1945, the Red Army looted and destroyed the palace. It was considered one of the most beautiful stately homes in Prussia. The German journalist and publisher Marion Dönhoff was born at the palace and grew ...
Prior to the Nazi era, Königsberg was home to a third of East Prussia's 13,000 Jews, but under Hitler's rule, the city's Jewish population shrank from 3,200 in 1933 to 2,100 by October 1938. The New Synagogue of Königsberg , constructed in 1896, was destroyed during Kristallnacht (9 November 1938), with 500 Jews soon fleeing the city.
Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. The name Prussia derives from the Old Prussians; in the 13th century, the Teutonic Knights – an organized Catholic medieval military order of German crusaders – conquered the lands inhabited by ...