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To hug Brown Bess; to carry a fire-lock, or serve as a private soldier." Military and government records of the time do not use this poetical name but refer to firelocks, flintlock, muskets or by the weapon's model designations. Soldiers of the Black Watch armed with a musket (Brown Bess) and a halberd, c. 1790
While this was the main British musket, it was briefly used by the Americans until 1777. This musket was used to fire a single shot ball, or a cluster style shot which fired multiple projectiles giving the weapon a "shotgun" effect. There were two types of the Brown Bess: the Short Land Pattern and the Long Land Pattern.
Brown Bess musket – precursor to the early British rifles. The origins of the modern British military rifle are within its predecessor the Brown Bess musket.While a musket was largely inaccurate over 100 yards (91 m), due to a lack of rifling and a generous tolerance to allow for muzzle-loading, it was cheap to produce and could be loaded quickly.
X-ray of a Brown Bess musket recovered by LAMP archaeologists from an American Revolutionary War era shipwreck lost in December 1782. It is believed to be a 1769 Short Land Pattern, and is loaded with buck and ball. Buckshot pellets from the American Civil War
Charleville M1728 musket [3] Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle; Henry repeating rifle [2] Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket [4] Pattern P1722 Brown Bess musket; Peabody M1862 Action rifle; Sharps M1848, M1863 carbine and rifle; Spencer repeating carbine and rifle [2] Springfield M1873 Trapdoor rifle; Trade musket [5]
British Brown Bess smoothbore muskets were effective at no more than 150 yards, and unable to be consistently accurate beyond 50 yards [citation needed]. Because of their advantage in range, Pashtun marksmen typically used the jezail from the tops of cliffs along valleys and defiles during ambushes.
The Brown Bess musket is a muzzle-loading, smooth bore, 990 mm long barrel, flintlock, weighing about 5 kg, shooting a 0.75 calibre projectile. Its effective firing range is 100 to 300 metres. In close-quarters fighting it was often used as a club.
Typical of smoothbore muskets, the Model 1795 had an effective range of about 50 yards (46 m) to 75 yards (69 m). The Model 1795 fired a smaller round than the British .75 caliber Brown Bess , but the Model 1795 also had both a slightly longer range and slightly better accuracy than the Brown Bess musket.