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This category is for non-cardinals elected pope by a papal election of conclave. Such individuals have been the exception to the rule since the papal bull of 1058, In nomine Domini, reserved the election of the pope to the cardinals exclusively.
Pope Urban VI in 1378 became the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. [31] The last person elected as pope who was not already an ordained priest or deacon was the cardinal-deacon Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, elected as Pope Leo X in 1513. [32] His successor, Pope Adrian VI, was the last to be elected (1522) in absentia. [33]
Although the French cardinals constituted a majority of the College of Cardinals due to the preceding Avignon Papacy, they succumbed to the will of the Roman mob, which demanded the election of an Italian pontiff. They elected Bishop Bartolommeo Prignano, who took the name Pope Urban VI. This was the last time a non-cardinal was elected pope. [3]
Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized. SS. Pietro e Cesareo in Terracina, the site of the first papal election outside Rome The 1119 papal election took place in Cluny Abbey as a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.
Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals. — 20 September 1378 – 16 September 1394 (15 years, 353 days) Clement VII CLEMENS Septimus: Robert de Genève 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E. 36 / 52 Born as a subject of the Kingdom of France. In opposition to Urban VI (1378–89) and Boniface IX (1389–1404) —
The cardinals have nevertheless consistently elected the Bishop of Rome from among their own membership since the death of Pope Urban VI (the last non-cardinal to become pope) in 1389. The conclave rules specify the procedures to be followed should they elect someone residing outside Vatican City or not yet a bishop.
The last to be elected when not yet a bishop was Gregory XVI in 1831, the last to be elected when not even a priest was Leo X in 1513, and the last to be elected when not a cardinal was Urban VI in 1378. [110] If someone who is not a bishop is elected, he must be given episcopal ordination before the election is announced to the people. [111]
The conclave cardinals may elect any baptised Catholic male, [19] [20] [21] but since 1389 they have always elected a fellow cardinal. Observers of papal elections tend to consider a few cardinals more likely choices than the others – these are the papabili , the plural for papabile , an Italian word which is practically rendered into English ...