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  2. Causal closure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_closure

    Physical causal closure is a metaphysical theory about the nature of causation in the physical realm with significant ramifications in the study of metaphysics and the mind. In a strongly stated version, physical causal closure says that "all physical states have pure physical causes" — Jaegwon Kim , [ 1 ] or that "physical effects have only ...

  3. Problem of mental causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_mental_causation

    Another theory is the identity theory, according to which mental events are (either type- or token-) identical to physical events. A more recent view, known as functionalism, claims that mental events are individuated (or constituted by) the causal role they play. As such, mental events would fit directly into the causal realm, as they are ...

  4. Psychophysical parallelism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysical_parallelism

    Parallelism is a theory which is related to dualism and which suggests that although there is a correlation between mental and physical events there is not any causal relationship. The body and mind do not interact with each other but simply operate independently of each other, in parallel , and there happens to be a correspondence between the ...

  5. Jaegwon Kim - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaegwon_Kim

    The first principle, which most ontological physicalists would accept, is the causal closure of the physical domain, according to which, every physical effect has a sufficient physical cause. The second principle Kim notes is that of causal exclusion, which holds that no normal event can have more than one sufficient cause.

  6. Causal reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_reasoning

    Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect.The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one.

  7. Causal theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal_theory

    Causal decision theory of evaluating the expected utility of an action; Causal sets theory, an approach to quantum physics; Causal perturbation theory, a mathematically rigorous approach to renormalization theory; Causal theories, a phenomenon in social psychology whereby humans guess wrongly about the reasons for their actions (part of the ...

  8. Psychology Today - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_Today

    Psychology Today content and its therapist directory are found in 20 countries worldwide. [3] Psychology Today's therapist directory is the most widely used [4] and allows users to sort therapists by location, insurance, types of therapy, price, and other characteristics. It also has a Spanish-language website.

  9. Thinking about Consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking_about_Consciousness

    Thinking about Consciousness by David Papineau, is a book (published in 2002) about consciousness that describes what Papineau calls the 'Intuition of Distinctness'. He does not so much attempt to prove that materialism is right (although he presents his 'Causal argument' for it in the first chapter) as analyse why dualism seems intuitively plausible.

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