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  2. Raising and lowering indices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_and_lowering_indices

    Concretely, in the case where the vector space has an inner product, in matrix notation these can be thought of as row vectors, which give a number when applied to column vectors. We denote this by V ∗ := Hom ( V , K ) {\displaystyle V^{*}:={\text{Hom}}(V,K)} , so that α ∈ V ∗ {\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}} is a linear map α : V → K ...

  3. List of statistical software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_statistical_software

    Pandas – High-performance computing (HPC) data structures and data analysis tools for Python in Python and Cython (statsmodels, scikit-learn) Perl Data Language – Scientific computing with Perl; Ploticus – software for generating a variety of graphs from raw data; PSPP – A free software alternative to IBM SPSS Statistics

  4. Pivot table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivot_table

    Column labels are used to apply a filter to one or more columns that have to be shown in the pivot table. For instance if the "Salesperson" field is dragged to this area, then the table constructed will have values from the column "Sales Person", i.e., one will have a number of columns equal to the number of "Salesperson". There will also be ...

  5. Computational complexity of mathematical operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity...

    Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.

  6. k-means clustering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering

    Davies–Bouldin index: The Davies-Bouldin index is a measure of the how much separation there is between clusters. [32] Lower values of the Davies-Bouldin index indicate a model with better separation. Calinski-Harabasz index: This Index evaluates clusters based on their compactness and separation. The index is calculated using the ratio of ...

  7. Word2vec - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word2vec

    Word2vec is a technique in natural language processing (NLP) for obtaining vector representations of words. These vectors capture information about the meaning of the word based on the surrounding words.

  8. Panel data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panel_data

    Another way to structure panel data would be the wide format where one row represents one observational unit for all points in time (for the example, the wide format would have only two (first example) or three (second example) rows of data with additional columns for each time-varying variable (income, age).

  9. Data analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis

    The data is necessary as inputs to the analysis, which is specified based upon the requirements of those directing the analytics (or customers, who will use the finished product of the analysis). [ 14 ] [ 15 ] The general type of entity upon which the data will be collected is referred to as an experimental unit (e.g., a person or population of ...