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Fetal death, fetal demise [1] Ultrasound is often used to diagnose stillbirth and medical conditions that raise the risk. Specialty: Obstetrics and Gynaecology, neonatology, pediatrics, Symptoms: Fetal death at or after 20 / 28 weeks of pregnancy [1] [2]: Overview tab Causes: Often unknown, pregnancy complications [1] [3] Risk factors
Placental syndromes include pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and intrauterine fetal demise. [ 7 ] Signs and symptoms
Intrauterine hypoxia can be attributed to maternal, placental, or fetal conditions. [12] Kingdom and Kaufmann classifies three categories for the origin of fetal hypoxia: 1) pre-placental (both mother and fetus are hypoxic), 2) utero-placental (mother is normal but placenta and fetus is hypoxic), 3) post-placental (only fetus is hypoxic).
Up to 30ml of foetal-maternal transfusion may take place with no significant signs or symptoms seen in either mother or foetus. [3] Loss in excess of this may result in significant morbidity and mortality to the fetus. Fetal-maternal haemorrhage is one cause of intrauterine death (IUD).
Spalding's sign is a sign used in obstetrics. [1] It is named for Alfred Baker Spalding. [2] [3]It is an indicator of fetal death. [4] When fetal death has occurred loss of alignment and overriding of the bones of cranial vault occur due to shrinkage of cerebrum, [5] abdominal sonar examination may reveal an overriding of the fetal cranial bones. [6]
A 2008 bulletin from the World Health Organization estimates that 900,000 total infants die each year from birth asphyxia, making it a leading cause of death for newborns. [ 11 ] In the United States, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia was listed as the tenth leading cause of neonatal death.
It is a frequent cause of low maternal blood pressure (hypotension), which can result in loss of consciousness [1] and in extreme circumstances fetal demise. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Signs and symptoms
Perinatal death can have profound emotional consequences for parents, families, and communities. For mothers, the consequences of perinatal loss can be physical (such as hemorrhage or infection) and psychological (such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and other serious mental health disorders). [2]