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The ground of the painting was then removed by solvents or scraping, until nothing remained but a thin skin of colour, pasted over with paper and held together by the muslin. A prepared canvas was then attached to the back of the paint layer, using the same method as was used for lining pictures. When the glue had dried, the paper and muslin ...
High Humidity reduces mechanical damage such as brittle paint but raises the risks of biological organisms, e.g. white efflorescence and green-to-black stains on a panel painting. [12] High Humidity also raises the risks of curving or warping of the wood over time, forcing the paint to flake off.
In the nineteenth century, lining was seen as a preventive practice used to ensure the longevity of a painting, even if the painting did not exhibit any signs of structural damage at the time of treatment. [1] Some painters had their works lined immediately after, or even before, completion. [2]
A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel of wood, either a single piece or a number of pieces joined together. Until canvas became the more popular support medium in the 16th century, panel painting was the normal method, when not painting directly onto a wall ( fresco ) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts ).
The five common chemical agents that damage wood are: Light – Creates a chemical reaction within the cell walls of wood, leading to a change in color or texture; Acids – Cause wood to become brittle. Alkalies – Cause the fibers of the wood to separate and break down. Salts – Similar to alkalies, salts break down the fibers of wood.
Panelling (or paneling in the United States) is a millwork wall covering constructed from rigid or semi-rigid components. [1] These are traditionally interlocking wood , but could be plastic or other materials.
After the big earthquakes of 1855 and 1931, wooden buildings were perceived as being less vulnerable to damage. Clapboard is always referred to as weatherboard in New Zealand. Newer, cheaper designs often imitate the form of clapboard construction as siding made of vinyl ( uPVC ), aluminum , fiber cement , or other man-made materials.
The ceiling before the restoration [c]. The preliminary experimentation for the modern restoration began in 1979. The restoration team comprised Gianluigi Colalucci, Maurizio Rossi, Piergiorgio Bonetti, and others, [6] who took as their guidelines the Rules for restoration of works of art as established in 1978 by Carlo Pietrangeli, director of the Vatican's Laboratory for the Restoration of ...